npm install --save @angular/platform-server @nguniversal/module-map-ngfactory-loader ts-loader @nguniversal/express-engine express

import { NgModule } from '@angular/core';
import { ServerModule, ServerTransferStateModule } from '@angular/platform-server';
import { ModuleMapLoaderModule } from '@nguniversal/module-map-ngfactory-loader';

import { AppBrowserModule } from './app.module';
import { AppComponent } from './app.component';

// 可以注册那些在 Universal 环境下运行应用时特有的服务提供商
@NgModule({
  imports: [
    AppBrowserModule, // 客户端应用的 AppModule
    ServerModule, // 服务端的 Angular 模块
    ModuleMapLoaderModule, // 用于实现服务端的路由的惰性加载
    ServerTransferStateModule, // 在服务端导入，用于实现将状态从服务器传输到客户端
  ],
  bootstrap: [AppComponent],
})
export class AppServerModule {
}

@NgModule({
  imports: [
    AppRoutingModule,
    BrowserModule.withServerTransition({appId: 'my-app'}),
    TransferHttpCacheModule, // 用于实现服务器到客户端的请求传输缓存，防止客户端重复请求服务端已完成的请求
    BrowserTransferStateModule, // 在客户端导入，用于实现将状态从服务器传输到客户端
    HttpClientModule
  ],
  declarations: [
    AppComponent,
    HomeComponent
  ],
  providers: [],
  bootstrap: [AppComponent]
})
export class AppBrowserModule {
  constructor(@Inject(PLATFORM_ID) private platformId: Object,
        @Inject(APP_ID) private appId: string) {
    
    // 判断运行环境为客户端还是服务端
    const platform = isPlatformBrowser(platformId) "htmlcode">

constructor(@Inject(PLATFORM_ID) private platformId: Object,
      @Inject(APP_ID) private appId: string) {
  
  // 判断运行环境为客户端还是服务端
  const platform = isPlatformBrowser(platformId) "htmlcode">

export { AppServerModule } from './app/app.server.module';


4、修改客户端应用的引导程序文件：src/main.ts
监听 DOMContentLoaded 事件，在发生 DOMContentLoaded 事件时运行我们的代码，以使 TransferState 正常工作


import { enableProdMode } from '@angular/core';
import { platformBrowserDynamic } from '@angular/platform-browser-dynamic';

import { AppBrowserModule } from './app/app.module';
import { environment } from './environments/environment';

if (environment.production) {
  enableProdMode();
}

// 在 DOMContentLoaded 时运行我们的代码，以使 TransferState 正常工作
document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => {
  platformBrowserDynamic().bootstrapModule(AppBrowserModule);
});


5、创建 TypeScript 的服务端配置：src/tsconfig.server.json


{
 "extends": "../tsconfig.json",
 "compilerOptions": {
  "outDir": "../out-tsc/app",
  "baseUrl": "./",
  "module": "commonjs",
  "types": [
   "node"
  ]
 },
 "exclude": [
  "test.ts",
  "**/*.spec.ts"
 ],
 "angularCompilerOptions": {
  "entryModule": "app/app.server.module#AppServerModule"
 }
}


与 tsconfig.app.json 的差异在于：
module 属性必须是 commonjs，这样它才能被 require() 方法导入你的服务端应用。
angularCompilerOptions 部分有一些面向 AOT 编译器的选项：

  
entryModule - 服务端应用的根模块，其格式为 path/to/file#ClassName。

6、修改 @angular/cli 的配置文件：.angular-cli.json
在 apps 下添加：


{
  "platform": "server",
  "root": "src",
  "outDir": "dist/server",
  "assets": [
   "assets",
   "favicon.ico"
  ],
  "index": "index.html",
  "main": "main.server.ts",
  "test": "test.ts",
  "tsconfig": "tsconfig.server.json",
  "testTsconfig": "tsconfig.spec.json",
  "prefix": "",
  "styles": [
   "styles.scss"
  ],
  "scripts": [],
  "environmentSource": "environments/environment.ts",
  "environments": {
   "dev": "environments/environment.ts",
   "prod": "environments/environment.prod.ts"
  }
}


7、创建 Node Express 的服务程序：server.ts


import 'zone.js/dist/zone-node';
import 'reflect-metadata';
import { enableProdMode } from '@angular/core';

import * as express from 'express';
import { join } from 'path';
import { readFileSync } from 'fs';

// Faster server renders w/ Prod mode (dev mode never needed)
enableProdMode();

// Express server
const app = express();

const PORT = process.env.PORT || 4000;
const DIST_FOLDER = join(process.cwd(), 'dist');

// Our index.html we'll use as our template
const template = readFileSync(join(DIST_FOLDER, 'browser', 'index.html')).toString();

// * NOTE :: leave this as require() since this file is built Dynamically from webpack
const {AppServerModuleNgFactory, LAZY_MODULE_MAP} = require('./dist/server/main.bundle');

// Express Engine
import { ngExpressEngine } from '@nguniversal/express-engine';
// Import module map for lazy loading
import { provideModuleMap } from '@nguniversal/module-map-ngfactory-loader';

// Our Universal express-engine (found @ https://github.com/angular/universal/tree/master/modules/express-engine)
app.engine('html', ngExpressEngine({
  bootstrap: AppServerModuleNgFactory,
  providers: [
    provideModuleMap(LAZY_MODULE_MAP)
  ]
}));

app.set('view engine', 'html');
app.set('views', join(DIST_FOLDER, 'browser'));

/* - Example Express Rest API endpoints -
 app.get('/api/**', (req, res) => { });
*/

// Server static files from /browser
app.get('*.*', express.static(join(DIST_FOLDER, 'browser'), {
  maxAge: '1y'
}));

// ALl regular routes use the Universal engine
app.get('*', (req, res) => {
  res.render('index', {req});
});

// Start up the Node server
app.listen(PORT, () => {
  console.log(`Node Express server listening on http://localhost:${PORT}`);
});


8、创建服务端预渲染的程序：prerender.ts


// Load zone.js for the server.
import 'zone.js/dist/zone-node';
import 'reflect-metadata';
import { readFileSync, writeFileSync, existsSync, mkdirSync } from 'fs';
import { join } from 'path';

import { enableProdMode } from '@angular/core';
// Faster server renders w/ Prod mode (dev mode never needed)
enableProdMode();

// Import module map for lazy loading
import { provideModuleMap } from '@nguniversal/module-map-ngfactory-loader';
import { renderModuleFactory } from '@angular/platform-server';
import { ROUTES } from './static.paths';

// * NOTE :: leave this as require() since this file is built Dynamically from webpack
const {AppServerModuleNgFactory, LAZY_MODULE_MAP} = require('./dist/server/main.bundle');

const BROWSER_FOLDER = join(process.cwd(), 'browser');

// Load the index.html file containing referances to your application bundle.
const index = readFileSync(join('browser', 'index.html'), 'utf8');

let previousRender = Promise.resolve();

// Iterate each route path
ROUTES.forEach(route => {
  const fullPath = join(BROWSER_FOLDER, route);

  // Make sure the directory structure is there
  if (!existsSync(fullPath)) {
    mkdirSync(fullPath);
  }

  // Writes rendered HTML to index.html, replacing the file if it already exists.
  previousRender = previousRender.then(_ => renderModuleFactory(AppServerModuleNgFactory, {
    document: index,
    url: route,
    extraProviders: [
      provideModuleMap(LAZY_MODULE_MAP)
    ]
  })).then(html => writeFileSync(join(fullPath, 'index.html'), html));
});


9、创建 Webpack 的服务端配置：webpack.server.config.js
Universal 应用不需要任何额外的 Webpack 配置，Angular CLI 会帮我们处理它们。但是由于本例子的 Node Express 的服务程序是 TypeScript 应用（server.ts及prerender.ts），所以要使用 Webpack 来转译它。这里不讨论 Webpack 的配置，需要了解的移步 Webpack官网


// Work around for https://github.com/angular/angular-cli/issues/7200

const path = require('path');
const webpack = require('webpack');

module.exports = {
  entry: {
    server: './server.ts', // This is our Express server for Dynamic universal
    prerender: './prerender.ts' // This is an example of Static prerendering (generative)
  },
  target: 'node',
  resolve: {extensions: ['.ts', '.js']},
  externals: [/(node_modules|main\..*\.js)/,], // Make sure we include all node_modules etc
  output: {
    path: path.join(__dirname, 'dist'), // Puts the output at the root of the dist folder
    filename: '[name].js'
  },
  module: {
    rules: [
      {test: /\.ts$/, loader: 'ts-loader'}
    ]
  },
  plugins: [
    new webpack.ContextReplacementPlugin(
      /(.+)"htmlcode">

{
  "scripts": {
    "ng": "ng",
    "start": "ng serve -o",
    "ssr": "npm run build:ssr && npm run serve:ssr",
    "prerender": "npm run build:prerender && npm run serve:prerender",
    "build": "ng build",
    "build:client-and-server-bundles": "ng build --prod && ng build --prod --app 1 --output-hashing=false",
    "build:prerender": "npm run build:client-and-server-bundles && npm run webpack:server && npm run generate:prerender",
    "build:ssr": "npm run build:client-and-server-bundles && npm run webpack:server",
    "generate:prerender": "cd dist && node prerender",
    "webpack:server": "webpack --config webpack.server.config.js --progress --colors",
    "serve:prerender": "cd dist/browser && http-server",
    "serve:ssr": "node dist/server"
  }
}


开发只需运行 npm run start执行 npm run ssr 编译应用程序，并启动一个Node Express来为应用程序提供服务 http://localhost:4000
dist目录：

执行npm run prerender - 编译应用程序并预渲染应用程序文件，启动一个演示http服务器，以便您可以查看它 http://localhost:8080
注意： 要将静态网站部署到静态托管平台，您必须部署dist/browser文件夹, 而不是dist文件夹
dist目录：

根据项目实际的路由信息并在根目录的 static.paths.ts 中配置，提供给 prerender.ts 解析使用。


export const ROUTES = [
  '/',
  '/lazy'
];


因此，从dist目录可以看到，服务端预渲染会根据配置好的路由在 browser 生成对应的静态index.html。如 / 对应 /index.html，/lazy 对应 /lazy/index.html。
服务器到客户端的状态传输
在前面的介绍中，我们在 app.server.module.ts 中导入了 ServerTransferStateModule，在 app.module.ts 中导入了 BrowserTransferStateModule 和 TransferHttpCacheModule。
这三个模块都与服务器到客户端的状态传输有关：

  
ServerTransferStateModule：在服务端导入，用于实现将状态从服务器传输到客户端
  
BrowserTransferStateModule：在客户端导入，用于实现将状态从服务器传输到客户端
  
TransferHttpCacheModule：用于实现服务器到客户端的请求传输缓存，防止客户端重复请求服务端已完成的请求

使用这几个模块，可以解决 http请求在服务端和客户端分别请求一次 的问题。
比如在 home.component.ts 中有如下代码：


import { Component, OnDestroy, OnInit } from '@angular/core';
import { HttpClient } from '@angular/common/http';
import { Observable } from 'rxjs/Observable';

@Component({
  selector: 'app-home',
  templateUrl: './home.component.html',
  styleUrls: ['./home.component.scss']
})
export class HomeComponent implements OnInit, OnDestroy {
  constructor(public http: HttpClient) {
  }
  
  ngOnInit() {
    this.poiSearch(this.keyword, '北京市').subscribe((data: any) => {
      console.log(data);
    });
  }
  
  ngOnDestroy() {
  }
  
  poiSearch(text: string, city"text-align: center">

客户端再一次请求并打印：

方法1：使用 TransferHttpCacheModule
使用 TransferHttpCacheModule 很简单，代码不需要改动。在 app.module.ts 中导入之后，Angular自动会将服务端请求缓存到客户端，换句话说就是服务端请求到数据会自动传输到客户端，客户端接收到数据之后就不会再发送请求了。
方法2：使用 BrowserTransferStateModule
该方法稍微复杂一些，需要改动一些代码。
调整 home.component.ts 代码如下：


import { Component, OnDestroy, OnInit } from '@angular/core';
import { makeStateKey, TransferState } from '@angular/platform-browser';
import { HttpClient } from '@angular/common/http';
import { Observable } from 'rxjs/Observable';

const KFCLIST_KEY = makeStateKey('kfcList');

@Component({
  selector: 'app-home',
  templateUrl: './home.component.html',
  styleUrls: ['./home.component.scss']
})
export class HomeComponent implements OnInit, OnDestroy {
  constructor(public http: HttpClient,
        private state: TransferState) {
  }
  
  ngOnInit() {
  
    // 采用一个标记来区分服务端是否已经拿到了数据，如果没拿到数据就在客户端请求，如果已经拿到数据就不发请求
    const kfcList：any[] = this.state.get(KFCLIST_KEY, null as any);

    if (!this.kfcList) {
      this.poiSearch(this.keyword, '北京市').subscribe((data: any) => {
        console.log(data);
        this.state.set(KFCLIST_KEY, data as any); // 存储数据
      });
    }
  }
  
  ngOnDestroy() {
    if (typeof window === 'object') {
      this.state.set(KFCLIST_KEY, null as any); // 删除数据
    }
  }
  
  poiSearch(text: string, city?: string): Observable<any> {
    return this.http.get(encodeURI(`http://restapi.amap.com/v3/place/text?keywords=${text}&city=${city}&offset=20&key=55f909211b9950837fba2c71d0488db9&extensions=all`));
  }
}



  
使用 const KFCLIST_KEY = makeStateKey('kfcList') 创建储存传输数据的 StateKey
  
在 HomeComponent 的构造函数中注入 TransferState
  
在 ngOnInit 中根据 this.state.get(KFCLIST_KEY, null as any) 判断数据是否存在（不管是服务端还是客户端），存在就不再请求，不存在则请求数据并通过 this.state.set(KFCLIST_KEY, data as any) 存储传输数据
  
在 ngOnDestroy 中根据当前是否客户端来决定是否将存储的数据进行删除

以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持。

                                
                                

                                    Angular,服务端渲染 
                                
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