var obj = {foo: 'foo', bar: 'bar'}; // Object对象字面量
var obj2 = [obj, 'foo', 'bar']; // Array数组字面量
var obj3 = /^[a-zA-Z0-9]$/; // RegExp正则字面量
var obj4 = function(){}; // Function函数字面量

var obj = new Object();
var obj2 = new Array(1000);
var obj3 = new RegExp('^[a-zA-Z0-9]$');
var obj4 = new Function('a', 'b', 'return a + b;');

function Foo() {}
Foo instanceof Object;
Foo instanceof Function;

var foo = {
 'foo': 'foo',
 'bar': 'bar'
};
var o = Object.create(foo); // o.__proto__ = foo
console.log(o.foo); // o.__proto__.foo

var o = Object.create(null);
o instanceof Object; // return false;
o.toString(); // Uncaught TypeError

function Foo () {}
Foo instanceof Function; // return true
Foo instanceof Object; // return true

function Bar () {}
function isInstanceof (obj, Constructor) {
 if (obj === null) {
 return false;
 }
 // 忽略 string, number, boolean, null, undefined 类型干扰
 if (!~['object', 'function'].indexOf(typeof obj)) {
 return false;
 }

 var prototype = obj.__proto__;
 while(prototype) {
 if (prototype.constructor === Constructor) {
  return true;
 }
 prototype = prototype.__proto__;
 }
 return false;
}
isInstanceof(Bar, Function);
isInstanceof(Bar, Object);

function Baz () {}
var baz = new Baz();
Baz.prototype.isPrototypeOf(baz);
Function.prototype.isPrototypeOf(baz);
Object.prototype.isPrototypeOf(baz);

var o = {};
var prototype = Object.getPrototypeOf(o);
console.log(prototype === Object.prototype); // return true
// 部分浏览器有效
var o2 = {};
console.log(o2.__proto__ === Object.prototype); // return true

function Foo () {}
 function Bar () {}
 Foo.prototype.foo = 'foo';
 Bar.prototype = Object.create(Foo.prototype); 
 Bar.prototype.constructor = Bar; // 修正原型链的constructor
 var o = new Bar();
 console.log(o.foo); // return foo;
 console.log(o instanceof Bar); // return true

function Foo () {}
 Foo.prototype.name = 'foo';
 var o = Object.create(null);
 Object.setPrototypeOf(o, Foo.prototype);
 console.log(o.name); // return foo