Django小白教程之Django用户注册与登录

脚本专栏 2024/11/15 佚名

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学习django学得超级吃力，最近弄个最简单的用户登录与注册界面都是那么难，目前算是基本实现了，虽然功能特别特别简单但是做一个记录，以后学习深入了再来补充：

首先创建项目,到项目所在目录：django-admin startproject demo0414_userauth

进入项目：cd demo0414_userauth

创建相应的app:django-admin startapp account

整个项目的结构图如图所示

├── account
│ ├── admin.py
│ ├── admin.pyc
│ ├── apps.py
│ ├── init.py
│ ├── init.pyc
│ ├── migrations
│ │ ├── 0001_initial.py
│ │ ├── 0001_initial.pyc
│ │ ├── init.py
│ │ └── init.pyc
│ ├── models.py
│ ├── models.pyc
│ ├── tests.py
│ ├── urls.py
│ ├── urls.pyc
│ ├── views.py
│ └── views.pyc
├── demo0414_userauth
│ ├── init.py
│ ├── init.pyc
│ ├── settings.py
│ ├── settings.pyc
│ ├── urls.py
│ ├── urls.pyc
│ ├── wsgi.py
│ └── wsgi.pyc
├── manage.py
└── templates
├── register.html
├── success.html
└── userlogin.html

4 directories, 29 files

然后在setting文件的installed_app中添加app account;

创建一个templates文件夹，可以放在项目的根目录下也可以放在app的目录下。一般情况下提倡放在app的目录下。如果放下项目的根目录下需要在setting文件中TEMPLATES中设置'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR,'templates')],否则不能使用模板。

另外因为这个项目存在页面跳转的问题，为了安全防止csrf攻击，一把模板中都有了相关的设置。目前我还不会用这个东西，据说在form表单中添加标签{% csrf_token %}就可以实现了，但是我没有成功。所以先不考虑这个问题，把seeting中的这个中间件'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',注释掉

然后在model中创建相应的数据库：

class User(models.Model):
 username = models.CharField(max_length=50)
 password = models.CharField(max_length=50)
 email = models.EmailField()

view中添加相应的程序。Pdb当时用于断点调试，我很喜欢，超级喜欢。如果你不敢兴趣，直接注释即可。

#coding=utf-8
from django.shortcuts import render,render_to_response
from django import forms
from django.http import HttpResponse,HttpResponseRedirect
from django.template import RequestContext
from django.contrib import auth
from models import User

import pdb

def login(request): 
 if request.method == "POST":
  uf = UserFormLogin(request.POST)
  if uf.is_valid():
   #获取表单信息
   username = uf.cleaned_data['username']
   password = uf.cleaned_data['password']   
   userResult = User.objects.filter(username=username,password=password)
   #pdb.set_trace()
   if (len(userResult)>0):
    return render_to_response('success.html',{'operation':"登录"})
   else:
    return HttpResponse("该用户不存在")
 else:
  uf = UserFormLogin()
return render_to_response("userlogin.html",{'uf':uf})
def register(request):
 curtime=time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S",time.localtime());
 if request.method == "POST":
  uf = UserForm(request.POST)
  if uf.is_valid():
   #获取表单信息
   username = uf.cleaned_data['username']
   #pdb.set_trace()
   #try:
   filterResult = User.objects.filter(username = username)
   if len(filterResult)>0:
    return render_to_response('register.html',{"errors":"用户名已存在"})
   else:
    password1 = uf.cleaned_data['password1']
    password2 = uf.cleaned_data['password2']
    errors = []
    if (password2 != password1):
     errors.append("两次输入的密码不一致!")
     return render_to_response('register.html',{'errors':errors})
     #return HttpResponse('两次输入的密码不一致!,请重新输入密码')
    password = password2
    email = uf.cleaned_data['email']
   #将表单写入数据库
    user = User.objects.create(username=username,password=password1)
    #user = User(username=username,password=password,email=email)
    user.save()
    pdb.set_trace()
   #返回注册成功页面
    return render_to_response('success.html',{'username':username,'operation':"注册"})
 else:
  uf = UserForm()
return render_to_response('register.html',{'uf':uf})
class UserForm(forms.Form):
 username = forms.CharField(label='用户名',max_length=100)
 password1 = forms.CharField(label='密码',widget=forms.PasswordInput())
 password2 = forms.CharField(label='确认密码',widget=forms.PasswordInput())
 email = forms.EmailField(label='电子邮件')
class UserFormLogin(forms.Form):
 username = forms.CharField(label='用户名',max_length=100)
 password = forms.CharField(label='密码',widget=forms.PasswordInput())

Tempaltes文件夹下总共有3个页面：

Register.html

<"1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">
<head>
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />
 <title>用户注册</title>
</head>
 <style type="text/css">
 body{color:#efd;background:#453;padding:0 5em;margin:0}
 h1{padding:2em 1em;background:#675}
 h2{color:#bf8;border-top:1px dotted #fff;margin-top:2em}
 p{margin:1em 0}
 </style>
<body>
<h1>注册页面：</h1>
<form method = 'post' enctype="multipart/form-data">
{{uf.as_p}}
{{errors}}
</br>
<input type="submit" value = "ok" />
</form>
</body>
</html>

Userlogin.html

<"1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">
<head>
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />
 <title>用户注册</title>
</head>
 <style type="text/css">
 body{color:#efd;background:#453;padding:0 5em;margin:0}
 h1{padding:2em 1em;background:#675}
 h2{color:#bf8;border-top:1px dotted #fff;margin-top:2em}
 p{margin:1em 0}
 </style>
<body>
<h1>登录页面：</h1>
<form method = 'post' enctype="multipart/form-data">
{{uf.as_p}}
<input type="submit" value = "ok" />
</form>
</body>
</html>

Success.html

<"1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">
<head>
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />
 <title></title>
</head>
<body>
<form method = 'post'>
 <h1>恭喜,{{operation}}成功！</h1>
</form>
</body>
</html>

更新数据库：