> a = input()
> type(a)
<type 'int'>
> a
> a = input()
1.23
> type(a)
<type 'float'>
> a
1.23

> r = input()
hello

Traceback (most recent call last):
 File "<pyshell#50>", line 1, in <module>
 r = input()
 File "<string>", line 1, in <module>
NameError: name 'hello' is not defined

> r = input()
'hello'
> r
'hello'
> r = input()
"hello"
> r
'hello'

> name = input('please input name：')
please input name：'Tom'
> print 'Your name : ',name
Your name : Tom

> a = raw_input()
> type(a)
<type 'str'>
> a
'1'
> a = raw_input()
'hello'
> type(a)
<type 'str'>
> a
"'hello'"

> a = int(raw_input())
> type(a)
<type 'int'>
> a
> a = float(raw_input())
1.23
> type(a)
<type 'float'>
> a
1.23

> a, b = map(int, raw_input().split())
20
> a
> b
> l = list(map(int, raw_input().split()))
2 3 4
> l
[1, 2, 3, 4]

> help(input)
Help on built-in function input in module __builtin__:

input(...)
 input([prompt]) -> value
 
 Equivalent to eval(raw_input(prompt)).

> help(eval)
Help on built-in function eval in module __builtin__:

eval(...)
 eval(source[, globals[, locals]]) -> value
 
 Evaluate the source in the context of globals and locals.
 The source may be a string representing a Python expression
 or a code object as returned by compile().
 The globals must be a dictionary and locals can be any mapping,
 defaulting to the current globals and locals.
 If only globals is given, locals defaults to it.

可以把list,tuple,dict和string相互转化。
#################################################
字符串转换成列表
>a = "[[1,2], [3,4], [5,6], [7,8], [9,0]]"
>type(a)
<type 'str'>
> b = eval(a)
> print b
[[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6], [7, 8], [9, 0]]
> type(b)
<type 'list'>
#################################################
字符串转换成字典
> a = "{1: 'a', 2: 'b'}"
> type(a)
<type 'str'>
> b = eval(a)
> print b
{1: 'a', 2: 'b'}
> type(b)
<type 'dict'>
#################################################
字符串转换成元组
> a = "([1,2], [3,4], [5,6], [7,8], (9,0))"
> type(a)
<type 'str'>
> b = eval(a)
> print b
([1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6], [7, 8], (9, 0))
> type(b)
<type 'tuple'>

> a = input()
10
> type(a)
<class 'str'>
> a
'10'