pip install django

django-admin.py startproject blog_demo

python3.6 manage.py runserver 9000

python3.6 manage.py startapp blog_api

class User(models.Model):
  id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
  uname = models.CharField(max_length=50)
  upwd = models.CharField(max_length=100)
  #active inactive
  status = models.CharField(max_length=10)

class Article(models.Model):
  id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
  title = models.CharField(max_length=50)
  content = models.TextField()
  #deleted alive
  status = models.CharField(max_length=10)

python3.6 manage.py migrate

INSTALLED_APPS = [
  'django.contrib.admin',
  'django.contrib.auth',
  'django.contrib.contenttypes',
  'django.contrib.sessions',
  'django.contrib.messages',
  'django.contrib.staticfiles',
  'blog_api'
]

python3.6 manage.py makemigrations blog_api

python3.6 manage.py migrate

stephen@stephen-K55VD:~/IdeaProjects/blog_demo$ python3.6 manage.py createsuperuser 
Username (leave blank to use 'stephen'): admin
Email address: 
Password: 
Password (again): 
This password is too common.
Bypass password validation and create user anyway"htmlcode">

#导入模型User,Article
from blog_api.models import User,Article

admin.site.register(User)
admin.site.register(Article)



刷新admin后台，就可以看到刚刚注册的模型了。
 
4、修改urls.py


from blog_api.views import add_article,modify_article
urlpatterns = [
  path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
  path('articles/',add_article),
  path('articles/<int:art_id>',modify_article)
]


5、新增文章接口


from django.http import HttpResponse,JsonResponse
from blog_api.models import User,Article
import json

#新增文章
def add_article(request):
  if request.method == "POST":
    req = json.loads(request.body)
    print (req)
    key_flag = req.get("title") and req.get("content") and len(req)==2
    #判断请求体是否正确
    if key_flag:
      title = req["title"]
      content = req["content"]
      #title返回的是一个list
      title_exist = Article.objects.filter(title=title)
      #判断是否存在同名title
      if len(title_exist) != 0:
        return JsonResponse({"status":"BS.400","msg":"title aleady exist,fail to publish."})

      '''插入数据'''
      add_art = Article(title=title,content=content,status="alive")
      add_art.save()
      return JsonResponse({"status":"BS.200","msg":"publish article sucess."})
    else:
      return JsonResponse({"status":"BS.400","message":"please check param."})


使用postman工具调用接口，运行结果：
 
6、查询文章接口


#查询所有文章和状态
  if request.method == "GET":
    articles = {}
    query_art = Article.objects.all()
    for title in query_art:
      articles[title.title] = title.status
    return JsonResponse({"status":"BS.200","all_titles":articles,"msg":"query articles sucess."})



运行结果：
 
7、修改文章接口


#修改文章
def modify_article(request,art_id):
  if request.method == "POST":
    req = json.loads(request.body)
    try:
      art = Article.objects.get(id=art_id)
      key_flag = req.get("title") and req.get("content") and len(req)==2
      if key_flag:
        title = req["title"]
        content = req["content"]
        title_exist = Article.objects.filter(title=title)
        if len(title_exist) > 1:
          return JsonResponse({"status":"BS.400","msg":"title aleady exist."})
        '''更新数据'''
        old_art = Article.objects.get(id=art_id)
        old_art.title = title
        old_art.content = content
        old_art.save()
        return JsonResponse({"status":"BS.200","msg":"modify article sucess."})
    except Article.DoesNotExist:
      return JsonResponse({"status":"BS.300","msg":"article is not exists,fail to modify."})



运行结果：
 
8、删除文章接口


#删除文章
  if request.method == "DELETE":
    try:
      art = Article.objects.get(id=art_id)
      art_id = art.id
      art.delete()
      return JsonResponse({"status":"BS.200","msg":"delete article sucess."})
    except Article.DoesNotExist:
      return JsonResponse({"status":"BS.300","msg":"article is not exists,fail to delete."})


运行结果：
 
9、鉴权
四个简单的接口已经可以运行了，但是在发请求之前没有进行鉴权，毫无安全性可言。下面来实现简单的认证机制。需要用到内建模块hashlib，hashlib提供了常见的摘要算法，如MD5，SHA1等。
鉴权接口
新增一个专门用于鉴权的接口。在urls.py中添加


 path("auth/",get_token)



在views.py前面新增函数get_token(request)


import hashlib

#获取token
def get_token(request):
  req = json.loads(request.body)
  uname = req["username"]
  upwd = req["password"]
  if request.method == "POST":
    try:
      tmppwd =User.objects.get(uname=uname).upwd
      if upwd == tmppwd:
        md5 = hashlib.md5()
        #把密码变成一个长度固定的字符串
        md5.update(upwd.encode("utf-8"))
        return JsonResponse({"status":"BS.201","X-Token":md5.hexdigest()})
      else:
        return JsonResponse({"status":"BS.401","msg":"username or password may wrong."})

    except User.DoesNotExist:
      return JsonResponse({"status":"BS.500","msg":"username is not exist."})


登录django admin在blog_api下的User表新增一条记录。运行结果：
 
用户认证
request.META.get(“header key”) 用于获取header的信息。注意的是header key必须增加前缀HTTP，同时大写，中划先会转成下划线，例如你的key为X-Token，那么应该写成request.META.get("HTTP_X_TOKEN")，修改views.py在get_token后面加上如下代码：


#认证动作
def user_auth(request):

  token = request.META.get("HTTP_X_TOKEN",b'')
  print (token)
  if token:
    #暂时先写上auth接口返回的数据
    if token=="0a6db4e59c7fff2b2b94a297e2e5632e":
      return "auth_sucess"
    else:
      return "auth_fail"
  else:
    return "auth_fail"



在接口中调用user_auth函数，以发布文章接口为例：


#新增文章
def add_article(request):
  auth_res = user_auth(request)
  if auth_res == "auth_fail":
    return JsonResponse({"status":"BS.401","msg":"user auth failed."})
  else:
    if request.method == "POST":
      req = json.loads(request.body)
      print (req)
      .......


再次使用postman工具调用新增文章接口，Header中没有X-Token或X-Token错误时的运行结果：

以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持。